<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ Серия «Философия. Социология. Искусствоведение»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU BULLETIN. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6401</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2073-6401</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6401-2022-3-40-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">philosophy-501</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ. ИСТОРИЯ ФИЛОСОФИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHY. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Dasein и ἦθος: фактичны ли ценности?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dasein and ἦθος: do values exist?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишняков</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир П. Вишняков, аспирант</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir P. Vishnyakov, postgraduate student</p><p>bld. 6, Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vishnyakov.v.p@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вишняков В.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вишняков В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vishnyakov V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://philosophy.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/501">https://philosophy.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/501</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается деконструкция М. Хайдеггером метафизических предпосылок моральной философии Нового времени. Его интерпретация Аристотеля (соединенная с анализом раннего христианства) позволяет предложить оригинальную версию онтологии, объединенную с этикой. В такой оптике ≪Бытие и Время≫, как и ≪Никомахова этика≫, представляет собой этический трактат: он также основан на понимании человеческого этоса (от греч. ἦθος, ≪нрав, характер, душевный склад, гнездо≫) и раскрывает характеристики жизни, структурированной ≪должным≫. В эпоху Просвещения в сфере практической философии произошла смена парадигмы, связанная с переходом от этики (т. е. этоса как формы жизни с ее практическими и нормативными измерениями) к моральным концепциям, основанным на индивидуализме и различии между фактами и ценностями. Раскол между онтологией и учениями о морали сделал невозможным любое обоснование или оправдание этики. В отличие от модернистских теорий морали, пытающихся выразить беспристрастные и свободные от ценностей принципы индивидуального поведения, философ исследовал условия возможности изменения образа жизни. Понимание этики Хайдеггером можно истолковать в аристотелевском контексте, в котором жизнь в социуме (т. е. бытие в ≪совместном мире≫) определяет онтологические условия, делающие возможным этическое действие. Философ раскрывает существование Dasein в контексте некоего перфекционистского понимания: в нем обнаруживаются два модуса, один из которых очевидно более ценен (или совершенен), чем другой, – по крайней мере, благодаря более широкой перспективе и глубокому самопониманию. Исполнение ≪этики≫ означает раскрытие индивидуализирующего способа раскрытия мира, что подразумевает чуткость к зову Бытия и готовность посреди мира трансформировать свою конечность, чтобы стать ≪подлинным≫ членом исторического сообщества. В онтологической структуре Dasein такой способ бытия исполняется в особых раскрывающих ≪настроениях≫ (πάθη), несводимых ни к эмпирической чувственности, ни к когнитивным функциям. Фактичная реализация этических ценностей выражается в решимости, стойкой приверженности выбранному историческому наследию, чуткости ко всем аспектам актуальной ситуации. Эти характеристики раскрывающих ≪настроений≫ образуют список метакультурных добродетелей, являющихся основанием для взаимопонимания и диалога между представителями различных ≪этосов≫ фрагментированного социума.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers M. Heidegger’s deconstruction of the metaphysical foundations for the moral philosophy of modern times. Heidegger’s interpretation of Aristotle (together with an analysis of early Christianity) offers an original version of ontology combined with ethics. In such optics, Being and Time, like Nicomachean Ethics, is an ethical treatise: it is also based on an understanding of human ethos (from the Greek ἦθος, “temper, character, nest”) and reveals the characteristics of life structured by “proper”. During the Age of Enlightenment (17th–19th centuries), a paradigm shift occurred in the field of practical philosophy, associated with the transition from ethics (that is, ethos as a form of life with its practical and normative dimensions) to moral concepts based on individualism and the distinction between facts and values. The split between ontology and the teachings of morality made impossible any rational substantiation or justification of ethics. Unlike modernist theories of morality, which attempt to express impartial and value-free principles of individual behavior, Heidegger explores the conditions for the possibility of changing lifestyles. His understanding of ethics can be interpreted in an Aristotelian context, in which life in society (that is, being in a “shared world”) determines the ontological conditions that make ethical action possible. The philosopher reveals the existence of Dasein in the context of a certain perfectionist understanding: two modes are found in it, one of which is obviously more valuable (or perfect) than the other – at least due to a wider perspective and deep self-understanding. The fulfillment of “ethics” means revealing an individualizing (“owned”) way of disclosing the world, what implies sensitivity to the call of Being and a readiness in the midst of the world to transform one’s finiteness in order to become a “genuine” member of the historical community. In the ontological structure of Dasein, such way of being is fulfilled in special revealing “moods” (πάθη), which are not reducible either to empirical sensibility or to cognitive functions.</p><p>The factual enactment of ethical values is expressed in resoluteness, steadfast adherence to the chosen historical heritage, sensitivity to all aspects of the existential situation. These characteristics of revealing “moods” form a list of metacultural virtues that are the basis for mutual understanding and dialogue between representatives of various “ethoses” of a fragmented society.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Хайдеггер</kwd><kwd>Аристотель</kwd><kwd>герменевтика фактичности</kwd><kwd>фактичная жизнь</kwd><kwd>этика</kwd><kwd>моральная философия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>M. Heidegger</kwd><kwd>Aristotle</kwd><kwd>hermeneutics of facticity</kwd><kwd>factual life</kwd><kwd>ethics</kwd><kwd>moral philosophy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кондратьев, Меринов 2021 – Кондратьев А.С., Меринов К.А. Оппозиция Закона и Благодати в духовном опыте Пьера Безухова в "Войне и мире≫ Л.Н. Толстого // Проблемы исторической поэтики. 2021. Т. 19. № 1. С. 194–208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buren, van J. (1994), The Young Heidegger: Rumor of the Hidden King, Indiana U. P., Bloomington, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макинтайр 2022 – Макинтайр А. После добродетели: исследования теории морали. М.: Канон+ РООИ "Реабилитация≫, 2022. 368 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dreyfus, H. (2006), “Heidegger on the Connection between Nihilism, Art, Technology, and Politics”, The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger, 2nd edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Buren 1994 – Buren J., van. The Young Heidegger: Rumor of the Hidden King. Bloomington: Indiana U.P., 1994. 741 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guignon, C., Fowers, B. and Richardson, F. (1999), Re-Envisioning Psychology: Moral Dimensions of Theory and Practice, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dreyfus 2006 – Dreyfus H. Heidegger on the Connection between Nihilism, Art, Technology, and Politics // The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. P. 345–372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatab, L. (2000), Ethics and Finitude: Heideggerian Contributions to Moral Philosophy, Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers, New York and Oxford.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatab 2000 – Hatab L. Ethics and Finitude: Heideggerian Contributions to Moral Philosophy. New York and Oxford: Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers, 2000. 243 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kisiel, Th., (1993), The Genesis of Being and Time. Berkeley: University of California Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guignon et al. 1999 – Guignon C., Fowers B., Richardson F. Re-Envisioning Psychology: Moral Dimensions of Theory and Practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1999. 347 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondratiev A.S., Merinov K.A. (2021) The Opposition Between Law and Grace in the Spiritual Experience of Pierre Bezukhov in “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy. In: Problemy istoricheskoy poetiki [The Issues of Historical Poetics], vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 194–208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kisiel 1993 – Kisiel Th. The Genesis of Being and Time. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. 700 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macyntyre, A., (2022), After virtue. A study of moral theory. Moscow: Canon+RPOD “Rehabilitation”.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polt 1999 – Polt R. Heidegger: An Introduction. Cornell University Press, 1999. 197 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polt, R., (1999), Heidegger: An Introduction. Cornell University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandel 2009 – Sandel M. Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do? New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009. 320 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandel, M. (2009), Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sluga 2001 – Sluga H. Conflict is the Father of Everything: Heidegger’s Polemical Conception of Politics // A Companion to Heidegger`s “Introduction to Metaphysics” / Ed. by R. Polt and G. Fried. New Haven: Yale U.P., 2001. P. 205–225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sluga, H. (2001), “Conflict is the Father of Everything: Heidegger’s Polemical Conception of Politics”, Polt, R. and Fried, G. (eds.), A Companion to Heidegger`s “Introduction to Metaphysics” ,Yale U.P., New Haven, pp. 205-225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor 1989 – Taylor C. Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity / Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989. 624 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor, C. (1989), Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity,: Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogel 1994 – Vogel L. The Fragile “We”: Ethical Implications of Heidegger’s “Being and Time.” Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1994. 138 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogel, L. (1994), The Fragile “We”: Ethical Implications of Heidegger’s “Being and Time”, Northwestern University Press Evanston, Illinois, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams 1993 – Williams B. Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. London: Fontana Press, 1993. 230 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams, B. (1993), Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, Fontana Press, London, UK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Withy 2015 – Withy K. Owned emotion: Affective Excellence in Heidegger on Aristotle // Heidegger, Authenticity and the Self: Themes from Division Two of Being and Time. New York: Routledge, 2015. P. 21–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Withy, K. (2015), “Owned emotion: Affective Excellence in Heidegger on Aristotle”, Heidegger, Authenticity and the Self: Themes from Division Two of Being and Time, Routledge. New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
