The formation of the ontognoseological ideal of “whole knowledge” in Russian metaphysics

Abstract

The article argues the position, according to which every ideal
is a complex of ideas and judgments expressing the desired normative image.
It allows defining more or less clearly the specific characteristics of the
proper state for a particular sphere of human life. The realization of ideals
occurs through the formation of value orientations complementary to them,
which determine the subsequent purposeful actions of individuals to transform
the natural and social environment in accordance with the parameters
set by these ideals. The authors propose to consider the concept of “whole
knowledge”, which is characteristic of Russian metaphysical thought, as an
ontognoseological ideal. Its implementation is aimed at designing methodological
approaches and specific techniques. The process of formation of the
“whole knowledge” ideal in Russian metaphysics, which had prerequisites in
Christian theological and philosophical thought, is analyzed. It is argued that
its fairly complete conceptualization was carried out by V.S. Solovyov. The
philosopher emphasized the conceptual and normative development of the
ideal of “whole knowledge”. However, later the difference in the ontological
and historiosophical views of some of his followers led to the formation of
another approach to understanding the ideal based on Christian eschatological
premises. They understood it not so much as the due norm of human
knowledge, but as its unattainable, but necessary goal.