The article will focus on the version of the Trinitarian Ontology by Professor Archpriest Sergius Nikolaevich Bulgakov, as propounded in the previously unpublished sections of the “Chapters on the Trinity”. The text is a draft manuscript with many revisions, and it dates from 1925. This dating allows us to correlate the original edition of the text of the “Chapters…” with the article “Hypostasis and Hypostaticity”. In the “Chapters” there is an extension and continuation of the concept that was set out in the “Hypostasis…” The “missed Chapters” contain Bulgakov’s Trinitarian and Sophiological models, transitional from “Hypostasis and Hypostaticity” to those ontological models that are known to us from the “Lamb of God”. Bulgakov rejects the concept of “hypostaticity” as “the ability to give oneself” in favour of the concept of Sophia-unum, and from the Palamite influence in favour of the Triadology of St. Athanasius the Great, Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, John Damascene, etc. Separate sections of the “missed Chapters” are associated with the Philosophy of Sexuality and the Philosophy of Language.

The article considers V.N. Lossky’s criticism of the teachings of Prot. S. Bulgakov in the context of the topic of the correlation of philosophy and theology. Examples of N.A. Berdyaev’s assessments of the state of contemporary theology in Russia and encyclopedic definitions of the features of theology are given. Attention is drawn to the complexity of the issue and the lack of clear criteria by which Christian theology can be distinguished from Christian religious philosophy. In that connection, the criteria for such a distinction, which were proposed by V.N. Lossky, are considered: the need for “apophase” in theological research and the theologian’s stay in the mystical “stream” of the Tradition of the Church. V.N. Lossky linked those requirements necessary for the theologian to the concept of “ecclesiasticism”. Thus, he once again raised the question of the need to give a dogmatically precise definition of the Church and its “borders”. After a brief analysis of the formulation of a similar issue by E.N. Trubetskoy in the early twentieth century the author makes the principal conclusion that the concept of “boundaries of the Church”, as well as the criteria for distinguishing theology and religious philosophy, is apparently impossible to give a rational definition.

For the first time in Russian science the article compares Mikhail Prishvin’s philosophy of war and archpriest Sergei Bulgakov’s theology of war on the material of Prishvin’s war diaries of 1914–1941 and S. Bulgakov’s works devoted to the sophiology of suffering (“The Holy Grail” (1932), “Reflections on War” (1940), etc.). The article defines theological contexts of the military theme: the war as a negative revelation, the sophistry of war, the discovery of the truth of God-manhood in war. The mysticism of the “invisible church” of M. Prishvin and S. Bulgakov is compared. It is concluded that the sophiology of S. Bulgakov’s suffering can be regarded as one of the relevant contexts for the philosophy and theology of war in Prishvin’s diaries. Prishvin, like Bulgakov, describes the truth of the super-personal collective, revealed in the cross sacrifice of the war Calvary (the images of the “Lay Chalice”, the sprout of the “invisible church”, “the great Conciliarity of those alive”). Along with that, defining the spiritual meaning of war, Prishvin raises the question about overcoming war as an idea born of indifferent theoretical thinking, which denies the personal whole, the intuition of the “other”.

The article analyzes the promotion of public interests as a process of interaction and competition between various groups and organizations (NGOs, social movements, professional associations, etc.) that convey social issues, expressing their concerns and seeking solutions from the authorities. The author calls into question the rather widespread point of view that any really serious flaw in the social structure of society becomes the topic of public discourse and gets the attention of the authorities. Reliance on the “fairness” of the public interest asserted does not exclude such phenomena as clientelism and favoritism. The author shows that there is not, and cannot be, any even nominal equidistance of public interest groups from the institutions of power, and lobbying efficiency depends on the resource, organizational, value and cultural factors. Special attention is paid to the analysis of correlation between the institutional and informal in lobbying public interests.

The article describes the situation in the field of public policy and state-confessional relations, not only in the socio-cultural context, but also in the socio-political, legal, and confessional. The article analyzes confessional identity, which is becoming one of the main parameters of the modern political process and affecting the specifics of political institutions and systems. The independence of citizens from worldview preferences revealed during the monitoring sociological studies showed a relative unity of opinions about the images of the future and did not reveal irreconcilable contradictions between followers of different confessions, demonstrating sustainable value development.

The article considers such public policy instruments as: populism, Euroscepticism, etc., used by religious confessions and their leaders in their activities. They advocate the protection of democratic values and basic human rights. Meanwhile, the growing degree of radicalization in the religious environment can lead to conflicts and temporary destabilization of society.

The article presents the features of theoretical and empirical studies in social issues of working time. It substantiates the complexity and multidimensional nature of research in the area. The author outlines the transformation of forms and methods of the working time management at different historical stages, highlighted in the theoretical and scientific-applied research of leading researchers. The importance of the correlation of subject-object factors and their influence on the revision of working hours is argued.

With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, people over 65 became objects of special “care” and restrictions, which led to social exclusion a reduction in the living space, mobility and freedom, a decrease in the kinetic and social activity, and “secondary damage”. Following the materials of interviews in two Russian regions (Ivanovo and Rostov regions), the authors define typical and special issues of older people, lifestyle changes in the conditions of COVID-19, reactions to restrictions and risks. An analysis of the experience of the emotions feeling and reacting to changes in the “coronavirus” and “post-coronavirus” world shows the extreme heterogeneity of an elderly people group. The artificial age stratification frame of 65 years for all Russians without taking into account their own opinions, lifestyle characteristics, life goals and values, social, labor, medical, etc. status increases the segregation, exclusion, age inequality. The complexity of the social consequences of restrictions for elderly people gains newfound relevance for the application of the syndemic approach in the sociology of aging.

The paper considers the perceptions of residents of St. Petersburg about the issue of poverty based on data from a telephone survey of residents of St. Petersburg (N = 1004), conducted by the Center for Sociological and Internet Research of St. Petersburg State University in April and May 2021. It revealed the specificities of the perception of poverty by groups with different financial situations – wealthier segments of the population of St. Petersburg perceive poverty less as a socially significant challenge while for the most economically vulnerable segments of the population of St. Petersburg, poverty appears to be the main issue in Russia, they tend to opt for the structural causes of poverty (social inequality, ineffective state policy). The authors disclose the tendency of dividing the poor into those deserving the assistance and those deserving not as well as the most acceptable ways of supporting the poor for the population of St. Petersburg. Using logistic regression, they also tested the hypothesis about the influence of the perceived causes of poverty on the willingness of St. Petersburg residents to help the poor.

Hans Holbein Jr was a key figure in the history of English painting. Many questions related to his biography and creative method still remain open. One of them is whether the artist had assistants in the work on orders for easel painting during his stay in England. In recent years, many studies of that period painting technology have been carried out in general and Holbein’s works in particular, that allow to approach the issue solution. The article contains and compares the results of the most significant works related to that. Their analysis shows that the probability of the existence of a workshop or assistants for Holbein in his English periods is very high. That is supported by a number of circumstantial evidence. Firstly, the method of work of the master and the specifics of the demand for easel painting in England of that period made it profitable to hire assistants. Secondly, the facts of the biography of Hans Holbein the Younger indicate that working in workshops based on the division of labor or with a group of artists was a natural practice for him. Thirdly, there are many works created during Holbein’s lifetime, from his drawings, in his style, but not by his hand, which suggests the possibility of their painting under the direction of Holbein by his assistants or students. The final solution of the question of the existence of Holbein’s workshop is necessary to clarify the attribution of his works and to understand the genesis of the English painting tradition.

The article considers the change in the social status of the architect Aristotele Fioravanti in the period from 1437 to 1473. One of the main features of the pre-Moscow period in his activities was the transformation of the old type professionalism.

The author of the article studies the context of humanism in the 15th century, in the atmosphere of which the contacts of Fioravanti with his patrons and architects took place.

Special attention is paid to the showing up of Fioravanti’s career lines. and the hypothesis regarding his plans to end the career. The author found out that in Bologna Fioravanti took place as a guild master, in Rome the lifting superheavy parts was defined as his specialization, in Italy he gained fame as “the man who moves towers”, but he could not achieve the title of a learned architect.

The article considers the phenomenon of the gravestone portrait as a structural element of funerals within the Sarmatyzm culture. It studies the main types of tombstone portraits and the materials on which they were made.

The author tells that the tradition of making and fixing tombstone portraits originates from an ancient ritual about the participation of a double of a deceased person. It is noted that the tombstone portraits were nailed to the end of the coffin and was directed in such a way that it was visible to all participants of the funeral procession. Special attention was paid to the decoration and decoration of the tombstone portrait, and the figures of angels acted as decorations. In this regard, the church service was conducted being focused directly on the tombstone portrait. The conclusion is formulated that the gravestone portrait personified the deceased in the funeral procession.

Review of the monograph Adaptation as a Symptom by the Russian-American researcher Lyudmila Fedorova, dedicated to post-Soviet film adaptations of the works of Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Chekhov. The question is raised about the limits of the film adaptation, about popularity of Russian literature in the world and lability of its position in modern Russia, and also about the complex imposition of genre, social and ideological attitudes of the authors of adaptations.