The article deals with an issue of understanding in the classical, non-classical and post-non-classical tradition by the example of understanding mathematics. The prime part of the article looks at the matter of classical and post-non-classical science and poses an issue of understanding. Mathematics itself can be classical or non-classical, as well as logic. Classical logic and mathematics were characterized by intuitive clarity and connection with the world, whether it be the surrounding world or the world of thought. Non-classical logic and mathematics are “sciences-in-themselves”, the only requirement for which is consistency. A connection is made between the idea of J. Gray about modernist mathematics and non-classical mathematics. The understanding of mathematics is considered on the example of the works of E. Husserl. Husserl describes logical experiences and the constitution of mathematical meaning in the acts of intuition, realization and reactivation of sense in passing it on in tradition. An important question is the relationship between intuition and logic in the new mathematics. Poincaré contrasts intuition and logic, while Husserl speaks of a specific logical discernment, which can be called logical intuition. The idea of two cognitive abilities is introduced: intuitive-logical and formal-logical.

The article deals with a comparative analysis of the ontological argument role in S. Frank’s philosophy of all-unity and in K. Barth’s theology of God’s Word. Studying the common and particular in interpretations of the ontological argument by Frank and K. Barth, the authors try to answer the question of how to distinguish the conceptual nature of philosophical and theological discourses. The articles and the position of Barth and the position of S. Frank in the ontological argument both explicate the overcoming an attitude of anthropocentrism (liberal theology) by Barth and subjectivism (modern philosophical tradition, starting with Descartes) by Frank. Therefore, their commonality can be traced in some original forms of theocentrism. In theological one by K. Barth and in philosophical-metaphysical one by Frank. Highlighting the same property of absolute reality, namely the impossibility to conceive its non-existence, they analyze that property in different ways within different discourses. Frank operates with a whole spectrum of philosophical strategies. Namely, along with metaphysical thinking in his works there is a methodology of dialogical philosophy, personalism and phenomenology. K. Barth, in his turn, in his antimetaphysical project uses such forms of philosophical discourse as dialogism (the event of Revelation understood also as transcending speech), existentialism (Christology described in categories of human communicative nature), neo-Kantianism (through Henrik Barth’s ontologization of sense’s and reason’s notions according to H. Kogen), German idealism (all aspects of K. Barth’s dialectics) and others. The ontological argument in the interpretation of Frank as well as in the interpretation of Barth should be attributed to the type of “non-classical” arguments.

The paper presents an analysis of the conception of anthropotechnics by P. Sloterdijk. It is based on the new absolute imperative “You must change your life”, which calls on a person to work on himself. However, not everyone can hear that call. So the concept of anthropotechnics combines all types of practices and works of a person on his own life form. As a basic methodology, Sloterdijk uses Wittgenstein’s theory of the language games, the transformation of which forms a general system of practice and asceticism, as well as the study of discursive forms by M. Foucault, which leads him to an unlimited variety of disciplines. Sloterdijk finds his ideological inspiration in the ancient Greek word “ethos”, which he understands as the behavior or habit. The dual nature of the habit is considered: a person who is the property of his habits must reverse the conditions of possession/property and take control of what possesses him by starting to possess it on his own. By a detached subject, Sloterdijk understands the one who takes the first step in practicing life and performs the operation of self-extraction from the complex of joint situations, called “life” or “world”. Self-extraction is based on the distinction between two very different spheres of influence in the existence: the sphere of influence of my own powers and the sphere of influence of all other powers. For Sloterdijk,”being in the world” means to care only for what is one’s own and nothing else. Sloterdijk also characterizes acrobatic existentialism, which originates from F. Nietzsche, and reveals the phenomenon of faith, which allows to achieve the impossible. Sloterdijk divides actions into two forms: self-operation (optimization actions which I perform on myself) and having-oneself-operated-on (during such an action I expose myself to the influence of other people’s operations and allow them to shape me). An auto-operative curvature of the subject is how Sloterdijk calls the fact that having-oneself-operated-on refers back to self-operation. At the same time, self-realization is presented as a rejection of passivity, which must be done over and over again.

The work focuses on the transformation of the deep foundations of the time, space, knowledge in the futurological concept of E. Toffler’s “revolutionary wealth”. The concept of E. Toffler’s super-industrial civilization not only does not lose its relevance, but also turns out to be one of the most justified theories regarding the future development of culture and society. Wealth at the moment of development is becoming more and more revolutionary, since the revolution takes place in the minds of people. Space, as one of the most important components of the triad of revolutionary wealth, already has a persistent tendency to expand, which is facilitated by world economic processes and globalization, as well as the digitalization and computerization of the economy. Knowledge in the concept of “revolutionary wealth” is one of the three deep foundations of revolutionary wealth – the most rapidly changing foundation of the economic and social environment. The ways for creating and storing knowledge have radically changed, the speed of the knowledge dissemination, the methods of its testing, languages of the knowledge expression, the degree of specialization and abstraction of knowledge, the volume and means of dissemination have also radically changed. As a result in changing the parameters of knowledge with unprecedented speed, new countless ways of creating wealth are discovered – and that is a great role and importance of knowledge in the fundamental triad of revolutionary wealth.

Health care is one of the key spheres in the society life so the health indicators and life expectancy of the population depend on its state and smooth functioning. At the moment, the system of medical care is undergoing significant changes, what raises challenges associated not only with the quantitative characteristics of the health care sector and the availability of medical care to the population, but also with the difficulties of social interaction in medicine. The article considers the main directions of reforms in inpatient and outpatient (primary) health care, as well as the assessments and opinions of Russians regarding the quality and availability of medical care at the present stage and in the medium term. Attention was paid to the events of 2020, which demonstrated the inconsistency of some management decisions in the context of health care reforms and influenced the public’s opinion about Russian health care. The analysis revealed dysfunctional features that negatively affect the professional activities of doctors, the quality of care and patient satisfaction.

The application of the precarious employment criteria [Toshchenko 2020, p. 90] to the group of mid-level medical personnel is very limited. The number of employees with an unguaranteed social and legal status is rather small in that group as mid-level medical workers stay at their jobs for a long time. However, in terms of the economic dimension, the precarity features, e. g., active secondary employment, high debt load, and low self-evaluation of social and financial status, can still be found in the group of mid-level medical personnel. All those difficulties, along with the negative effects of the pandemic, have aggravated the already challenging staffing situation in the labor market for mid-level medical personnel, while within one year and half of the fight against COVID-19 the skills drain in the middle level has been significantly greater than the shortage of mid-level health staff in the pre-pandemic period.

The trends taking place in modern society under the slogans of democratization affect all social institutions. They do not bypass the institution of family and marriage. Moral values, the foundations of the harmonious development of personality, relationships in society, forms of interaction, awareness of the role of a person in society are laid in the family. However, the rapid processes of transformation at the international level, the impact of globalization on all spheres of society, significant changes in socio-political and socio-economic spheres, modernization in the likeness of the Western model make adjustments to ideological attitudes regarding family relations from the standpoint of historical culture with value-functional significance. The social role of the family has changed in the minds of people, especially the younger generation. Family values are becoming less and less important in the context of social development. As a structural unit of society, the family undergoes significant, sometimes paradoxical changes. The article considers the main contradictory forms of family relations and highlights their characteristics from the position of influence on social development.

The programs of parliamentary parties in Russia are analyzed to reflect the social interests of young people. The article considers whether political parties through their inherent ideologies and policy documents create mechanisms for involving young cadres in research activities, whether political institutions form an image of the future of science and education for young people, how attractive that image is and meets the today political language and the requirements of the time. Research method: the content analysis and frame analysis of texts with a gender accent to identify the most significant meanings expressed in the narratives rhetorical practices.

The article analyzes the concrete experience of the work of the Cherkizovsky psycho-neurological care home in organizing the leisure and health improvement for people suffering from chronic mental illnesses, which to some extent affect their legal capacity.

Among the leisure forms that help the social adaptation of those living in the care home, the following are shown: conducting classes in arts and crafts; freestyle motocross with experienced instructors; carrying out excursions and tourist trips; rehabilitation of patients with the help of specially trained dogs. The program “Active Longevity in Cherkizovo” opened a new opportunities for organizing and spending leisure time. Among the healing practices, the author point out: the use of a dry carbonic bath and halotherapy; Nordic walking classes with elements of breathing exercises; application of cryotherapy, hirudotherapy, pressotherapy and cryosauna.

The Cherkizovsky care home constantly monitors the effectiveness of leisure and health-improving methods for bettering the social well-being of the social services users. The author concludes that the sensitive, attentive attitude of the administration and staff towards the elderly and the disabled, as well as the use of advanced methods of organizing leisure and recreation, contribute to the maximum preservation and development of their individual abilities.

The article considers a number of picturesque costumed images à la turque, which means in the oriental taste, created in Russia in the 18th century. The studied works are divided into the costumed and typical images of the inhabitants of the Muslim world and a costumed portrait à la turque. It is believed that the means of creating an “oriental” image in those works was a costumizing – dressing a model in an exotic outfit perceived as a national costume of the peoples from the Muslim Orient. The work studies the history of creating costumed images à la turque in Russian art of the 18th century. It also deals with the composition and specificity of exotic costumes, the artistic- stylistic and genre features of the works under study and, when possible, identifies their pictorial sources.

The article deals with the Orsk jasper within the two components of the “ecology of culture” concept – ecology of the natural environment and cultural heritage. It analyzes the artistic development of the Orsk jasper, as use of a natural material and as one of the folk art crafts of the Orenburg region and the centers of stone-cutting art of the Southern Urals. The author considers the actual place of Orsk jasper in different spheres of cultural and practical activity and substantiates the necessity of an integrated ecological and cultural cultural heritage of the Orenburg region: the natural environment and stone-cutting art, as objects of cultural ecology.