The article is devoted to the analysis of a polemic between Descartes and Hobbes and its consequences for philosоphical thought. The author points out that a special mechanism has worked here and he calls this mechanism as “effect of mirror”. Hobbes’s critique of Cartesian project pointing to insubstantiality of a concept “intelligence” as a separate thinking substance, offers (as an alternative) a model of autonomous, “self-correcting” perception. Hobbes also makes reference to a phenomenon of reflection (he does it to demonstrate the process of such correction) – and this time – a reflection of an object of perception on the mirror surface. But the matter is not limited to a simple illustration: like in the case with a reflection of Cartesian subject – a mirror bifurcation is indispensable and is of structural character.

Thus, the author concludes that at some stage thinking comes across a bifurcation of the cognition perspective and, consequently, an impossibility of authentic choice – either at the level of the subject (in Cartesian reflection) or at the level of cognizable object (in Hobbes’s cognition theory).

And the very situation of the dispute between Descartes and Hobbes is determined not by substantial differences, but it is a direct consequence of the “effect of mirror”.

Thus, all the perspective of “philosophy development after Descartes” is under the question: as a matter of fact no fi for actual innovation is opened here, but there is a functional failure of thinking, where every thinker, following Hobbes, works to no purpose on anti-Cartesian position in a repeating polemic script.

The article is the first study of Alexandre Kojeve’s “Notes on Hegel and Heidegger” in Russian. The article presents an analysis of Alexandre Kojève’s attempting to prove the mutual translatability of Hegel and Heidegger philosophy. The arguments of Kojeve on the unity of the Hegel-Heidegger philosophy, on the issues of Hegelian and Heidegger texts, and on their complementarity are studied. The arguments on the common philosophy of Hegel-Heidegger are compared with an issue of relativism of worldviews and with origin of worldviews from the problematic beginning of philosophy and the possibility of another beginning. The author reconstructs principles of the Kojève’s approach to the conceptual translation and substantiates the anti-relativistic position of universal rationality in the conceptual translation. Key theses of Kojève’s conceptual translation are compared with the general positions of Hegelianism and with criticism of Donald Davidson’s idea of a “conceptual scheme”.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the main ontological and aesthetic concepts in the theoretical works of S.N. Durylin in 1920s: “realia”, “realiora”, “correspondance / concordance”, “specificum” and “symbol”. The origins of such terminology are shown; in particular, the dependence of ontological gradations in S.N. Durylin’s articles of 1920s on the terminology of works by Vyach. I. Ivanov of 1900–1910-ies, and especially – the article “Two Elements in Contemporary Symbolism” and the discussions around it. The issue of typologization of the category “symbol” in the Russian philosophical culture of the Silver Age is analyzed.

The article reveals the relationship between the Latinized forms of ontological categories the language culture of the Silver Age – and the classical philosophical terms of the Russian philosophical language: “bytie” / nebytie” (being / non-being). The subsequent development in the theory of the symbol is considered.

Conjugation of the concepts of realia and specificum – and the concepts of realiora and ens realissimum, passing in the 1920–1930s. from the dictionary of medieval scholasticism into the timely philosophical language, with the concepts of “corporeal” and “spiritual” (spiritual) – reveal yet another – the anthropological dimension of the category of the symbol, characteristic in those years not only for Russian, but for all European philosophical culture.

The article deals with the issues associated with the new stage in the evolution of Russian art at the turn of the 19th – early 20th century, and the reflection of these processes in Russian art criticism. The analysis of articles written by the famous art critic and publicist V.V. Stasov in his later period, as well as the polemics between him and the representatives of the “World of Art” association, makes it possible to point out serious contradictions in the understanding of methods for assessing the quality of a work of art. At the same time, the early period of Stasov’s activity also provoked a sharp reaction from the adherents of “pure art” in N.А. Ramazanov and A.A. Fet, whose aesthetic position appeared to be unexpectedly close to the young figures of the Russian artistic culture at the beginning of the 20th century. Extremely revealing material in this sense is a program critical article by Stepan Petrovich Yaremic “Peredvizhnik (Itinerant) principle in the Russian art”. The young art critic convincingly sees the origins of the Stasov position in the tradition of European art criticism of the Enlightenment. The relevance to the subject matter is added by the fact of active using a publicistic approach to the evaluation of works of art in the 20th century, as well as the demonstration of its definite rebirth in our days. In this regard, the authorposes a question about the responsibility of the art critic both to the nowaday reader and to the history of art in general.

The article is focused on the white-tiled stoves which are included in the heating system of the unique wooden palace in Ostankino (1791–1798). These stoves are characterised by the decorative features which show the patron’s choice of the classical style for one of the most important elements of the palace’s interior. The analysis of analogues reveals that a place for manufacturing the Ostankino stoves could be the Konradi factory in St. Petersburg. This conclusion is strengthened not only by the similarity of the Ostankino stoves and those of St. Petersburg palaces but also by the same circle of customers , mostly from the upper class of society. The article demonstrates a well-known mechanism of copying the prestigious (fi of all, the royal) decorations in interiors.

Russia’s first art history center, the Institute of Art History, was organized by an art patron and art critic, count V.P. Zubov in his own mansion as a private institution. opened on March 2 (15), 1912, the Institute (by the end of the first year of its existence) announced the recruitment of regular students to the Courses of Art History. In 1916, the Institute was registered with the Ministry of Public Education as a research and educational institution and remained so permanently. The courses turned into the Higher State Courses of Art Criticism. There were four faculties at the Courses, which were supervised by the corresponding Departments of the academic staff, those of the history of the visual arts, the history of music, the history of the verbal arts and the history of the theater. Courses received the status of higher art education.

The author examines regular and random impulses (including contacts with the German Society of Friends of New Russia), a bizarre combination of which led first to serious preparation, and then to the first complex art expeditions of researchers of the State Institute of Art History to the Russian North. The expeditions, unprecedented in the scale and type of field work, for six years (1926–1931) covered several key zones of the Russian North: Zaonezhie, Pinega, Mezen, Pechora. The expedition materials of the Institute are still being developed by researchers, and some of the expedition members who first started collecting and recording folklore, such as E.V. Gippius, Z.V. Ewald, A.M. Astakhova, N.P. Kolpakova and some others, – became classics of national science.

Based on the data obtained in 2018, the influence of informal employment on political orientation is analyzed. The author examines an influence of the official and informal employment on the assessment of the political situation, political competence and political activity, trust in political institutions. Informally employed people show a higher level of criticism in assessing the political situation, a lower level of political activity and participation, trust in political institutions, compared with officially employed for a long time. Informally employed people demonstrate a greater level of alienation from state policy, both at the level of real participation and at the level of the political interest and competence in that area. Such a position may be an expression of some dissatisfaction with their situation and a possible reaction of citizens to the inability or failure of the state to provide social guarantees in the field of labor and employment.

The article proposes a methodological approach, from the standpoint of which the phenomenon of intelligentsia is considered as a special political subculture, formed by the institutional specifics of the Russian society. The authors focus on two main issues: correspondence between intelligentsia and external institutional environment and the extent to which the institutional space of the society depends on intelligentsia.

This article deals with an issue of crowding medical staff out of the system of public medicine. The author focuses on the two most significant events – the healthcare optimization and pension reform. It is proved that public policy in the field of healthcare regarding the personnel policy regulation is premature and contradictory. on the one hand, the prestige of a medical profession in our country has considerably grown in recent years, but on the other hand, acquiring a limited relevance medical specialty becomes more and more unavailable for most of citizens in Russia. The situation is complicated by the violent and widespread stuff reduction of medical workers in the public medical institutions. As a result today in a number of regions, there is already a considerable shortage of medical personnel, and in rural areas, the indicators on the provision of medical personnel are 40% lower than in the whole country. The social protest which captured Russia and which was provoked by pension reform and the rise in prices and taxes was supported by medical protest that for the first time was expressed like a public actions: doctors began to unite in professional associations and openly claim about their rights violation. State initiatives in optimization of expenses for the healthcare and provision of the citizens pensions became the key threat to availability of medical care in our country.

The article presents the main results of the practical research on “sobriety territories”, conducted in 2017 by the research group ZIRCoN. The methodological basis for the study was formed by the materials of three expeditions conducted in the orenburg region, the Republic of Altai and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with the participation of the author. The expeditions results facilitated defining the main factors-incentives and barriers to making a collective decision to ban the sale of alcohol in rural settlements and townships. Article gives the definition of “sobriety territory” as an object of sociological study and for the first time in Russian sociology it presents a classification of “sobriety territories”. As an example, a detailed description of one of the cases – the village of Byas’-Kyuyol’ (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) is given. The peculiarities of the formation of “sobriety territories” are considered in the article in the context of the features of local self-government in Russia.

The review presents the fi and only (to the date) biography of Jacques Derrida: “Derrida” by Benoît Peeters (Peters B. Derrida. Kralechkin D., transl. from Fr. Moscow: Izdatelskiy dom “Delo” RANKHiGS Publ.; 2018. 640 p.). The importance of this publication, which highlights not so well known pages of Derrida’s life and writings is shown here. Attention is paid not only for the obvious achievements of the biographer, but for the blank spots still escaping the inquisitive eye of the researcher of the heritage and life of Derrida as well.

The review is an attempt to consider the possibility of writing about the writer, biographying of self-biograper and self-archivist, thereat having transformed images of the biography, archive, letter, self-reproducing with the help of writing. The neutral and unremarkable style of Derrida the biographer is presented both as an inevitable move and as a technique – an attempt to highlight the “other” who is being biographed, and as another escaping the challenge of Derrida to deconstruct not only the author of the deconstruction (as a specific term, neologism), but all the contexts, genres, categories, where the perception of philosopher’s life and “method” are written in, as well.