Intersubjectivity of perception is an important aspect of the general issue of intersubjectivity. The arguments pros and cons for the intersubjectivity of the people perceptual experience, provided in cognitive psychology and in the philosophy of consciousness, are presented. There are a number of cognitive mechanisms that ensure intersubjective perception of the surrounding world by the people. The “reciprocity of perspectives” of perception is taken as a matter of course for social interactions. At an early age, the ability for joint attention and “adopting stranger ‘s point of view” is formed. A matter of the visual experience intersubjectivity is discussed in presumption of the consciousness “transparency”. The similarity of qualitative characteristics of phenomenal experience (“qualia”) is considered in relation to color perception. The perception is basic modality of consciousness, and avoiding intersubjectivity at this level it could hardly be possible to discuss an issue of knowledge on “another consciousness” and other issues related to intersubjectivity of the phenomena of the communication and culture.

The paper considers overriding an aporia of time as presented in the third volume of Paul Ricoeur’s “Time and Narrative”.
The formulation of an issue is considered according to Ricoeur, the phenomenological descriptions are not sufficient for constituting the objective time based on the time of consciousness. The narrative poetics solves the issue. Ricoeur observes the following techniques that bridge the objective and psychological time: a calendar, a change of generations, an archive, a document, a trace. Within the article, only the first method is considered. Ricoeur’s approach is based on two assumptions. First, the subject and object of history for him is primarily a person; one of the basic qualities of a person is the ability to narrate. Secondly, time does not exist in isolation from the human narrative and is a human dimension.
The calendar is a form of the human relation to the time. It does not boil down only to those conditions, but has its own key feature. On the one hand, it is founded on the myth and ritual, establishing an original coherence between the cosmological and human time. On the other hand, the calendar is based on the astronomical and phenomenological time, and the first one correlates the dates with the movement of celestial bodies, the second one endows it with the notion of the present (today). The calendar does not boil down only to those conditions, but has its own key feature: it organizes historical time through “axial moment” (extraordinary historical event) special event in relation to which other events are ordered.
In the conclusion several questions on the Ricoeur’s theory are posed. Since the narrative itself can be determined by something non-verbal, is its analysis sufficient for resolution of the issue? Is the aporia not eliminated at the level of the original premise: time does not exist apart from the narrative?

In modern philosophical theories, the solidarity appears contradictory. If we consider the insurance to be it’s prime phenomenon (distribution of support for the weak on the shoulders of all), then the solidarity, on the one hand, becomes a source of economic stagnation and deficit, moreover, it becomes morally illegitimate and fraught with totalitarian implications. On the other hand, it is clearly connected with loyalty to the interests of the society, which distinguishes citoyen, whose human dignity is intended to be realized through the state, from selfish bourgeois. A state which legitimacy in the era of globalization, in its turn, is called into question, turns out to be a mysterious point of transition from illegitimate solidarity to legitimate one. The ideas of K. Polanyi on the role of the state in functioning of the competitive market help to understand how it happens. Analysis of the issue made it possible 1) to establish the essential affinity of Polanian “fictitious commodities” (which the state should protect against commodification) and the conditions for the possibility of production in general, singled out by K. Marx, 2) to explain there by the origin of “fictitious commodities” and to root the solidarity in the subject-subject relation of production, which constitutes human culture as such. This conclusion allows us to reject the insurance model as improper image of the solidarity and to substantiate it as a constant of reproduction of the social conditions of human production. In capitalist production, that constant is institutionalized in the form of a democratic national state, the dysfunctionality of which leads not only to forbidding the reproduction for the weak market players, but also, as that processmoment, to a conservative revolution with its totalitarian outcomes.

The article is devoted to the comparison of the religious and philosophical views of F. Rosenzweig and S. Frank through the example of the two concepts disclosure, the deliverance and redemption, the first of which is characteristic for Judaism, and the second is for Orthodox Christianity. The article discusses the central work of F. Rosenzweig “The Star of Redemption” and the critical article by S. Frank “The Mystical Philosophy of F. Rosenzweig”, considered in the framework of neo-Kantian “new religiosity”. The author conducts a study of the religious and philosophical beliefs of S. Frank, explained in his later works, in particular, in the book “God with us”. The paper draws terminological and doctrinal distinction between concepts of the deliverance and redemption, to reflect transformation of the deliverance concept in the early Christian period. He mentions two waves of actualization of interest in existential problematics in Orthodox theology, which resulted in disclosure of some aspects inherent to Christianity. The article describes some aspects of F. Rosenzweig’s religious philosophy and points to his complex religious and ideological identity. Rosenzweig has created the religious system built on the fundamental rejection of the idea of all unity. God, the world, and man for him were three autonomous primary elements of being, between which a correlation arises under certain conditions. While the ontology of S. Frank is based on the idea of reconciliation of the suffering world and God, possible as a result of the repentance and redemption.

The paper deals with the issue of references between signifier and signified in the image of the art’s object. The analysis is based on the replication of two works by M. Foucault dedicated to painting: “This is Not a Pipe” and “Painting by Manet”.
It is demonstrated that M. Foucault’s critical methodology contains elements of a phenomenological study (“phenomenological archeology”), since the criticism is directed not only at the object itself, but includes the author and the viewer (audience) in the given context forminga diversity meanings and structural connections caused by the intersubjectivity.
The author notes features of the M. Foucault’s method: a special interpretation for the correlation of depicted objects and text, images, forms, text and context, text and an image of the portrayed. In the artworks of E. Manet and R. Magritte M. Foucault seeks to unravel the possible utterance, therefore it makes sense to talk about the special aesthetic semantics in hisapproach. The question of applying this phenomenological (semiotic) aesthetic criticism towards subjects of the oriental art is also discussed in the paper.

The article discusses an influence of ideas of “Roman Circle” members Konrad Fiedler, Hans von Marées and Adolf von Hildebrand, who stood at the origins of European formalism, on Anton Ažbe’s pedagogical method. For a better understanding of the cultural context and the prerequisites for the emergence of a confrontation of innovative and conservative movements the author outlines the philosophical and artistic situation in Germany in the last third of the 19th century, in particular in its main cultural center – Munich. Somehow or other all “Roman Circle” members were connected with Bavarian capital. They became founders of the theory of the vision and formalist approach, that influenced the art, philosophy, philology throughout Europe. The article deals with K. Fiedler and A. von Hildebrand philosophical ideas and the painter H. von Marées pedagogical approach based on them. At the end of 19th century, the large sector of private art schools was formed in Munich. They acted as an alternative to, and often as a complement to, formal education. Anton Ažbe’s school was one of the most famous private art schools in Munich. As an artist and teacher, he (a Slovenian) experienced a significant influence of formalism, because his artistic development took place during thetheories of formalism heyday and recognition in Munich.
The article compares with concrete examples the theory of vision, the laws of the forms-shaping and the understanding the tasks of art, manifested in the works of C. Fidler, A. Hildebrand, and H. von Marées with the fundamental ideas of the Anton Ažbe’s pedagogical method – “Sphere Principle” and “Crystallization of Color Principle”.

The article considers the history of the arts and crafts exhibiting in order to reveal and substantiate the principles of exposing the ceiling lighting devices such as “chandeliers” in particular. In Russian and foreign art criticism, a small number of works devoted directly to the art of lighting devices, their history and existence can be named. The topic related to the technique of exposing ceiling light was also not given due attention. At present, there is no fundamental research in both national and foreign literature, characterizing, analyzing and systematizing the principles of the exposing the ceiling lamps of the “chandelier” type. Information on the methods of representation of ceiling reinforcement in various expositional spaces is available only in exhibition catalogs and in occasional publications. However, the format of their presentation, as a rule, is discrete. The increased interest in the ceiling lighting fixtures can be traced to the frequency of the appearance of various exhibition projects in the world exposition practice, where the chandelier is demonstrated either as part of a historic interior or as an independent work of art.

It is known that a man in general and the psyche in particular consist of both the innate and acquired elements. Therefore, everything that we do – including the art and communication – is determined either by the first or second factors. However, in the studies of art, that is usually either not taken into account or not taken into account sufficiently. Such undercount doesn’t make problems in philology, but in the studies on the visual arts, that are deeply rooted in the peculiarities of visual perception, it can lead to significant theoretical losses. Therefore, in art studies, it makes good sense to systematically distinguish between the features of art, based on the innate aspects of perception (perception) and on acquired aspects (reception).

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the option to use methodological deaccumulation of knowledge as strategic cognitive approach in art studies. Importance to introduce such approach in a disciplinary turn over of art studies is caused by need to find optimal means which could be used for overcoming the discourse character of art studies researches, as one of the main issues of art studies undermining fundamental bases of its disciplinary identity. That approach turns out to be functional and takes the place of strategic approach, workingas the meta-paradigmal and special methodological cognitive strategies based on the transition from the naturalistic to the active approach in cognition. In such capacity, the methodological deaccumulation of knowledge replaces cumulative stage of the program in science-research and sets the new productive initial cognitive conditions in which the need for obligatory inclusion of the researcher in a conceptual discourse and polemic with conceptual predecessors is overcome. So, that approach not only optimizes the individual work of a researcher as art critic who is now freed from irresistible discursive dependence caused by to pre-paradigmal specificity of art studies as specific disciplinary objectness, but, what is most important, now the foundations are grounded for a fundamentally new disciplinary culture, potentially appropriate as normative for art studies.

The paper analyses evolution of the party system in Russia in the context of transforming politic regime. I show that institutional frames of party system were initionally determined by the state power and had been changed insensibly in every electoral circle, which led to highly fragmented and nonstable political landscape, where parties are not significant political actors. The parties don’t transform state policy but play important role of legitimization of political regime. The tendency of the atrophy of parliamentary opposition is also analyzed and it is shown how it provokes movements and initiatives of emerging non-system opposition. I prove that party-phobia of Russian citizens apparent in low level of political participation and of trust to the parties in public opinion follows from the weakness of political parties as political institutions and of its decorative character.

In the article an attempt is made to identify the protest potential of modern NEET-youth and its real practice in concrete actions. Increase of the number of NEET in European countries not only worsens macroeconomic situation, but also rises serious social and political issues. Some of them are the increase in proportion of young people among the unemployed, and therefore its economic inactivity, the deterioration of the human capital of both the young people and the whole nation, the criminalization of the youth environment, the increase in drug and alcohol consumption, and increasing the threat of riots. Prolonged stay of young people in the NEET group dramatically reduces their chances for a high standard of living and income security, they are often haunted by poverty and health problems. Instability (precarity) and volatile social and economic situation of young people in the NEET group increases risk of their participation in various criminal groups and unlawful protest activities. The authors have identified features of the Russian NEETyouth, demonstrating their group participation in protest actions conducted by youth public organizations. In conclusion they mark high protest potential of the NEET and a need to develop specific measures preventing possible destructive activities of that youth.

Analyzing industrial reports, the author reconstructs the state of the global marketing research industry, identifying its challenges and opportunities. Among main determining trends of its development he emphasizes technological evolution of data collecting and of analyzing methods, that increased the speed and flexibility of business practices, supporting the human life style and communication changes.
The article notes that the industry is experiencing a difficult period of growth, when new technological solutions have provided not only for improvement in the methods of collecting and analyzing data on consumers, but also for questioning the preservation by research companies of their positions as chief analysts.
Research industry requires now a number of different skill sets, including raised importance of communication and presentation skills, and primary value of theoretical and methodological training as a condition for the universality of specialists and their further professional development.

The paper deals with the peculiarities of labor migration from Belarus to Russia in the context of the development of integration policy of the Union State. The policy of integration of the two States shows significant impact on the formation of the common labor market. Belarus and Russia act respectfully as the main donor States and recipient States of labor resources. In relation to the world labour market, the Republic of Belarus acts mainly as exporter of labour.
The paper presents the historical background for forming the labor relations in the Union state of Russia and Belarus, along with periodization of migration from Belarus to the territory of Russian lands, analyzing the dynamics of migration processes at the present stage, as well as the consist of migrants by the age, education level, professional groups. The main motives of migration behavior of today Belarusian citizens are also analyzed.
It is difficult to estimate the actual volume of labor migration from Russia to Belarus at the moment. A significant part of labour trips is either not registered at all or ispartially registered in relevant legal framework governing relations between the member States of the Union. Within the confines of the Union statefunctioning, the actions developing the single migration space and running the unified system of labor mobility and of the social and labor sphere are continued.

The paper discusses a conflict in the sphere of culture between representatives of religious (Orthodox) activist groups and artists of contemporary art, and the public circles supporting both sides of the conflict.
That issue is studied in the context of the assertion of secular values, which not only oust religious ideas from public life into the private, but also claim to form a kind of secular religion. The existing antagonism between religious perception of the culture and secular concepts goes back to the traditions and ideology both of the early Russian avant-garde and of the Soviet underground, marked with radical attitudes and the atricalized aggression.
The article raises question of the role of the state, of church structures and media in the formatting negative image of participants in experimental art groups. The escalation of confrontation between various social clusters, and an emergence of the phenomenon of “insulting religious feelings” is explained through the traits of the socio-psychological condition of Russian society, which is mainly at a loss and fear of drastic social changes and of erosion of the former cultural and aesthetic boundaries as result of the expansion of the postmodern world view.