The article identifies three research areas related to the “typological” issues in the scientific heritage of G. Simmel: social types as a social phenomenon and the subject of research, everyday typification as the basis for interpersonal interactions, type construction as a process of theoretical conceptualization of the studied phenomena.
Within the framework of the first direction, G. Simmel did not propose any definitions of the concept of “social types”, nor a methodology for their identification and study. Nevertheless, his descriptions of various examples of social types served as a starting point for the development of research on such a phenomenon.
The second direction of the “typological” problematics in G. Simmel’s works is related to the consideration of typifications carried out by individuals in everyday life by mentally complementing the image of Another based on fragmentary captured and perceived characteristics. It is exactly such a process that is the primary reason for understanding and interpersonal interaction.
The third area deals with types in the role of analytical tools: constructed by the researcher models (abstracted from the content of individual objects). Moreover, they are constructed, and not deduced through inductive generalizations based on a series of empirical observations, although relying on such observations.

Leisure is a multidimensional social phenomenon, studied simultaneously in philosophical, historical, sociological and other contexts. The article considers the formation of sociology of leisure as a research direction, identifying key approaches (functionalism, recreation theory, critical theory, postmodernism) and current trends (theories of digital, eco- and creative leisure, the theory of platform capitalism) of qualitative sociological studies of leisure. It is shown that leisure, originally conceived as a space of freedom and a means of increasing social solidarity and stability, is transformed by social theorists of the 20th century into an instrument of manipulation, exploitation and control, and in the new millennium – into a field of struggle between individuals, communities and corporations, becoming in some cases inseparable from working time. The victory of entertainment over meaning in the “leisure age” (according to D. Gabor) generates a certain anti-consumerist and countercultural impulse and attraction to alternative forms of leisure. Modern leisure is a hybrid one: it has both a commercial dimension and a platform for alternative practices, and its further study (including with regard to specific socio-cultural environments and age cohorts) requires an interdisciplinary approach.

The paper analyzes such a noumenon as a “social contract”. The study is based on both theoretical approaches, as well as on the results of statistical, analytical reports and data from All-Russian studies on similar issues, the expert survey “The fate of the social contract in Russia: the evolution of ideas and lessons of implementation”. Author analyzes how a socio-professional group of higher school teachers assesses the current “social contract” between the people and the authority.
University teachers are one of the most important subjects of the social contract, not only as independent actors, but also as subjects responsible for raising a citizen, transferring not only professional knowledge, but also values and worldview. The position of the student youth largely depends on their perception of the basic positions of the social contract between citizens and the government, support or denial of that social contract. The university community forms the political and civic values which arise among young people on the basis of the community own worldview and established attitudes towards the state, authority, social and political institutions.

At present, the study of historical memory in Russian science is acquiring an interdisciplinary character, which, on the one hand, allows enriching the experience of scientists in the field of studying historical memory, and on the other hand, revealing a tendency to increase the number of discrepancies among researchers in determining the species affiliation of historical memory. The article deals with solving the issue of sociological analysis of historical memory. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the methodological issue of determining the species affiliation of historical memory that has developed in sociology. The subject of the analysis is the scientific substantiation of the sociological classification of historical memory. The article proposes one of the options for sociological analysis and construction of a sociological classification of historical memory. It defines a social subject as the key basis for the sociological classification of historical memory, which is made basing on the application of the theory of scientific classification, the theory of social inertia, systems theory, the concept of social subjectivity. As a result of the sociological analysis, depending on the level, degree of community, characteristics of the social subject (subjectivity), as well as the results of his life activity in different spheres of society, various types of historical memory are determined. Special attention is paid to the consideration of family historical memory and national historical memory. The specificity of those types of historical memory is specified by their important characteristic – their focus on ensuring the integrity, unity and sustainability of the development of the Russian state and society

The purpose of the article is to analyze the ideas about the civilizational identity of Russia in the narrative of political parties and reveal their causes. According to the results of the study, it was found that the civilizational identity of the ruling elite is situational and depends on the nature of relations with the elites of Western countries. The systemic opposition’s ideas about Russia’s civilizational identity are similar and are focused exclusively on internal political processes. Foreign agents of influence are considered by the systemic opposition as competitors, whose influence they counteract with “jingoistic” rhetoric, focusing on the uniqueness of Russian conditions. The European orientation is most valuable for Yabloko because for a party squeezed out by competitors from all significant political positions, the closest opponents will be Russian actors, and foreign forces are far away and do not directly limit their claims. The proclamation of Russia’s European identity does not threaten Yabloko’s political status in the foreseeable future, but some of its ideological constructions make it possible to ideologically justify the party’s independence

The social potential of the artistic intelligentsia is considered through the socio-political positions of its representatives, which are the result of their critical reflection on social reality. Such reflection is by itself an important procedure for the life of society, and the abilities of the artistic intelligentsia thereto have special properties, that can not only accurately capture yet-unobvious risks but also disseminating specific social reactions through their own creative activities, which often have a mass character. The results of a specialized survey revealing the socio-political positions of the artistic intelligentsia in comparison with the positions of the entire population allow us to identify the role of the artistic intelligentsia in the critical understanding of social reality, and in that sense, to outline the social potential of the group.

The article deals with the analysis of the phenomenon of social mobilization and its assessment as a factor of progressive development of the state. It is based on the conceptual approach of H. Bloomer, which implies that any activity aimed at maintaining community is social mobilization. It analyzes the influence of new information dissemination technologies and the mediatization of political life in modern states on the processes of social mobilization. The individual types of social mobilization identified by the authors are considered in more detail: institutional, protest, hybrid and spontaneous. It is concluded that the Russian experience makes it possible to assume a special role of mobilization in the life of the state, which differs from its European counterparts. This is due to the fact that in modern Russia, over the years, the space of political activity has gradually come under the control of the state, and after the start of the Special military operation in 2022, public civic initiatives of groups beyond the control of officials and disapproved of by state authorities have been outside the legal right field. Regarded thereto on the one hand, we are witnessing patriotic self-organization around voluntary assistance to participants in hostilities. On the other hand, a part of society is focused on solving private, everyday emergencies, and its participation in the political life of the country is transformed into some kind of ritual actions. Here, social mobilization takes on specific forms: spontaneous outbursts triggered by non-political causes that cause mass outrage (cases of animal cruelty or environmental disasters, etc.).

The article substantiates the relevance of studying the issue of increasing civic activity of the population, as well as the need to step up the participation of young people in modern socio-political processes. Author analyzes the results of two waves of the study “Russian Students. Civic Culture and Life Strategies”, conducted by the FNISC ISPI RAN in 2023 and 2024. He focuses mainly on the analysis of the student youth involvement in the socio-political practices, depending on positive and negative ideas about the possible future development of Russia. The paper shows changes in the dynamics of Moscow students’ ideas about Russia’s development scenarios during 2023 and 2024. Particularly it notes the identified influence of gender characteristics of student youth on ideas and assessments of the country’s future development.

The article considers the issues of representing the phenomenon of a special military operation (SMO) in the mass media. The empirical basis was data from 443 articles in 3 socio-political publications of the Russian Federation in 2022–2023. The content analysis of the press made it possible to obtain information about the evolution and nature of the information picture formed by the media. Firstly, news and information notes predominate in the period under study, which indicates the high dynamics of events and their intensive media coverage, whereas publications by military analysts with scientific, empirical and analytical understanding of the events and results of a special operation are less common. Secondly, the discourse of power dominates among the subjects of journalistic writing, in which political figures act as actors to a greater extent. Thirdly, the emotional tonality of the information picture is characterized by uncertainty and instability of the content. Fourthly, materials are published that can be divided into 5 clusters: reflection of SMO, military reports, events around SMO, mobilization and daily life under SMO.

The article focuses on the issue of forming the local dweller’s image in tourist practices. It is proved that the promotion of a tourist destination is connected not only with commercial benefits, but also always concerns the local population, its interaction with tourists and visitors. Nevertheless, the development of tourism has led to a certain separation of travelers and locals. As a result, they are at risk of developing social stereotypes and bias against each other. The interview materials reveal the main features of tourist ideas about the residents of the Kaliningrad region. External assessments of Kaliningrad residents reveal an imbalance between impressions of them as residents of the frontier territory and as residents of the resort city. It is also noted that the labor, military, and cultural qualities of the local population are poorly reflected in external views. The article identifies main channels and ways for shaping the image of local dwellers: the creation of specialized tourist materials, modern thematic museums and expositions, the incorporation of stories about the local population into urban infrastructure and service facilities, and their representation in sightseeing discourse. Despite the fact that the article analyzes the Kaliningrad case, which has its own specifics, the proposed ways of constructing a positive image of the local population seem relevant for other regions.

Intelligent community have long been active participants in acts of philanthropic exchange. Their contribution is particularly significant due to the intangible assets they possess, which constitute their rich social capital. That allows talking about specific forms of engagement of intellectuals in philanthropy. The article considers those aspects based on a secondary analysis of data obtained from a study carried out by The Ksilab Laboratory of complex sociological research and commissioned by the Shalash Charity Foundation and conducted by a research team in 2020–2021. The study was titled “Charitable Assistance to Crisis Families”. The article delves into the social capital possessed by intellectuals and the opportunities for its application in the field of charity.
As members of a social group endowed with specific knowledge, skills, and resources, intelligent community may act as a significant subject in the philanthropic process, providing non-tangible assistance to various social organizations engaged in charitable aid and sponsorship.

Labor attitudes and values are the most important components of the work behavior of young people. The article identifies the value orientations of Russian students in relation to work and work activities, as well as the positions of work values in the structure of basic values. Based on the materials of a sociological study, it is shown, that the motivation for work of Russian students is primarily associated with strategies for achieving material well-being, obtaining an education, self-realization and building a successful professional career.  The state of students’ confidence in getting a job after graduation and their requests for employment, examined by the authors, showed that most students are optimistic about the prospect of finding a job in their specialty; the only concern is the desired level of pay. Students highlight the size of the salary, the possibility of professional self-realization, and maintaining a balance between work and personal life as important requirements for future work.

This article develops a theoretical and methodological approach to studying the career attitudes of young people amid growing labor market uncertainty. In a rapidly changing society, individuals have fewer opportunities to build stable, long-term careers within a single company. New career models emphasize strengthening the importance of various forms of labor mobility, shifts in employee value orientations, and the significance of subjective perceptions of one’s professional path. Thus, a new type of career, special to the information society, is emerging. Based on an analysis of several secondary data the author attempted to ascertain how traditional and new career development types are manifested among Russian youth. The results indicate that young Russians’ career orientations are hybrid and mixed. Generally, younger individuals aim to build organizational careers, with salary being a critical measure of success. However, there is also significant interest in self-employment, freelancing, and remote work. Some are willing to demonstrate self-directed approaches to their professional development and to change organizations when necessary. The study concludes that consideration in the career attitudes and orientations of young people should account for the coexistence of both traditional and new career types.

The article examines the phenomenon of hidden social orphanhood in Pridnestrovian, which remains insufficiently studied in the sociological research of the republic. The author emphasizes the theoretical and methodological foundations, proposing the use of the concept of latent social processes developed by Émile Durkheim for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. The study reveals that hidden social orphanhood affects children in families with inadequate social and emotional support, negatively impacting their integration into society. The research methodology includes a dialectical approach and secondary analysis of statistical data, allowing for an assessment of the scale of the problem. The consequences of hidden social orphanhood are discussed, including anomie, deviant behavior, and a decrease in trust in social institutions.