The article notes that one of the characteristic features of the socalled “turn” in Heidegger’s intellectual biography is his rejection of the initial plan for the creation of scientific philosophy. The denial of such a form means in that case a refusal by the philosopher to construct the planned transcendental ontology, with which the scientific philosophy was initially identified by him. Moreover, the purpose of the article is to show that the “turn” itself is a consequence of the immanent crisis of Heidegger’s program of building scientific philosophy. Its tasks also include identifying the internal motives of that crisis. As a result of the study, it was found that Heidegger’s horizon of understanding of being in general is relativized to the meaning of being of a certain being. Revealingly that the relativization of the meaning of being in general to the meaning of being of a certain being (ontological relativization) in Heidegger’s ontology does not mean the relativization of the being as such to that being (ontic relativization), as is often taken for the philosopher’s conception.

Further, in the fundamental ontology, a horizontal scheme, common to all the horizontal schemata, turns out to be impossible, and therefore, it is difficult here to give an answer to the question about the meaning of being in general – in contrast to the answer to the question about the meaning of a particular way of being, for example, being in existence, understood on the basis of a horizontal scheme of presentation. Finally, in fundamental ontology, the various modes of being identified here do not find a one-to-one correspondence with the structural elements of its meaning, that is, they do not receive a sufficient ontological basis for their, albeit actually already carried out, isolation. Also the article mentions that the crisis of the program of scientific philosophy is not a random event or, moreover, the result of a mistake made by Heidegger. On the contrary it should be understood as a necessary consequence of the original attitude in which the philosopher developed his fundamental ontology.

The article discusses the hermeneutics of facticity from Martin Heidegger’s early works. Initially, M. Heidegger considered the factual life in the framework of phenomenological method. His analysis of the early Christian religious experience revealed the structure of pre-theoretical existence level and had key importance in clarifying that concept. The connection with religious experience, the interpretation of Apostle Paul’s Epistles, the appeal to Aristotle’s arguments about the linearity of time and the “theology of the cross” by M. Luther allowed German thinker to highlight in hermeneutics of facticity a project of “philosophical salvation” expressed in the articulation of Dasein’s authentic existence. Heidegger restores the understanding of human existence as the radically unique and finite, and that becomes the basis for such a project. At the same time, three themes in the fundamental ontology of Dasein (“fallen-ness”, “conscience” and “being-to-death”) are rooted in the theological anthropology of M. Luther. As a result, in the early works of M. Heidegger, one can reconstruct his own secular version of the eschatological expectation of the end of days, designed to replace the metaphysical “soteriology” having its origin from Plato and Parmenides. The main concepts of such a project are a philosophical clarification of the worldview characteristic of early Christianity, and it has its confessional source in M. Luther Protestant theology of the cross.

The author considers Vladimir Solov’ev’s Theoretical Philosophy as an outline of non-transcendental phenomenology. In this paper the special attention is being paid to the differences that are there between Solov’ev’s and Husserl’s attitudes towards Descartes’ cogito. For Husserl Cartesian cogito is none other than intermediate step toward the transcendental Ego, having only psychological evidence, while for Solov’ev the cogito signifies the falsity of the way followed by European philosophy, starting with Descartes.
A significant part of the paper deals with what can be named the “destruction” of Cartesian cogito. In Solov’ev’s eyes the cogito is an “impostor without philosophical passport”; as it is none other than substantiation of thinking. Therefore the cogito conceals in itself the illegal passage from the act to state. Besides that it (cogito) has two different metaphysical meanings: subject and substance. As a subject the cogito is a basis of “new world”; but as a substance it is the metaphysical author of this world.

The issue of the subject and phenomenon relation lies in foundation of every contemporary phenomenological project, tending to extend the field of the phenomenology. The concept of the gift of the French phenomenologist Jean-Luc Marion is one of the most important innovations in the contemporary phenomenology. In the article, the central concept of his philosophy is analyzed – “recipient” (l’adonné). It is based on his book “Being Given”. The notion of a done is analyzed as well as context of its introduction. The transition from the description of the done to the description of the recipient is analyzed. Marion’s critique of the classical notion of the subject is explored. Four main characteristics of the recipient are described: summons, surprise, interaction and the facticity. Connection between the recipient and the saturated phenomena dominant over the subject is explored. The article concludes with criticisms of Claude Romano, as well as criticism of Shane McKinley in the context of his interpretation of the work of Jean-Luc Marion. Shane McKinley finds the concept of saturated phenomena and the excessive passivity of the subject in Marion’s concept problematic. The saturated phenomena, as the paradigms for any ordinary phenomena, their true form, cannot explain the regularity of the ordinary experience. The passive subject is hardly compatible with the phenomenological method, that Marion tries to use.
To overcome the questions that have arisen within the concept of Marion, it is proposed to expand it by referring to the hermeneutic level of perception of the phenomenon. It is proposed to consider Claude Romano’s “eventual hermeneutics” as a project that continues the intentions of Marion, but is devoid of the shortcomings of his philosophy.

The article analyzes the role of socially oriented non-profit organizations (SONPOs) in the economy by expanding the field of participation of the “third sector” in the provision of services to the population in the social sphere, their participation in social policy and, as a result, the formation of a new social design in modern Russia. The author studied the leadership potential and civic engagement of SONPOs’ leaders. The hypotheses that had been put forward by the author are confirmed: SONPO becomes a significant agent (resource) for solving socially significant issues, accumulates social capital only when it reaches a sufficient level of trust-based multiple subject-object institutional relations (donor – recipient – resource, society – government – business).

Labor migration is a type of migration that is becoming more widespread. The unfavourable socio-economic and political situation in a number of countries forces their citizens to seek the employment and earnings in other countries. Features of the modern Russian labor market for foreign labor are, first, the influx of low-skilled workers from the former Soviet republics, and secondly, the growth in the number of unofficially and informally employed workers. That is why the employment of migrants is characterized by the instability, lack or limited social guarantees, uncertainty and truncation of social status. In this article, special attention is paid to the analyzing the use of labor without permits, which is practiced regardless the wishes of employees and to the detriment of the labor migrants interests, the lack of basic social guarantees for housing, vacation, medical care, etc.

The article deals with an issue of spreading conspiracy ideas in social networks and in the media, in connection with the COVID19 epidemic in the Russian Federation. A brief overview of the most well-known scientific approaches to the study of non-conventional concepts and various “conspiracy theories” is given. Special attention is paid to the connection of conspiracy theories with postmodern ideas and a critical attitude to any official information from authoritative sources. It is emphasized that the equality of statements, which was insisted on by the postmodernism, supporters, leads to an increase in information noise and blurring the boundaries between fact and fiction. Modern conspiracy theory is the audience’s reaction to alarmism in official media publications There is an increase in such perceptions in the context of crises, catastrophes and epidemics. An attempt is made to identify the typical conspiracy versions of the causes for the coronavirus epidemic in the Russian segment of the social network Facebook. The article examines the fact of the growing popularity of “alternative theories” in the context of social fears of Russians, in connection with the deepening economic crisis and the prospect of losing their jobs. The growth of conspiracy ideas is analyzed in connection with the phenomenon of media influence on public consciousness. The functions of modern media are determined by the gradual replacement of the social reality with that of media replicating the simulacra, and which is not only engaged in informing The article states that the influence of media materials on consumers of news content is quite strong, which is one of the reasons for the spread of conspiracy theories in the various groups and communities of media users.

Characteristics of consumer behavior of teenagers (availability/amount of pocket money, its sources, main categories of regular expanses, etc.), partly compared with foreign data, among Russian adolescents is reviewed in this article. About a half of teenagers already have well-formed consumer attitudes that cannot be made reality because of insufficient amount of pocket money. The top categories are digital equipment (smartphone, headphones, player, etc.), presents for friends and/or relatives and clothes/footwear. Females’ interests are more diverse and heterodromous (among others, there are hedonistic spending) while males more often mention the wish to buy a car. It can be interpreted as a desire to fulfill a traditional role of a breadwinner in the family. The results of “consumerism index” for the target audience and its links to socio-demographic parameters of adolescents’ family of origin are also reported. In particular, in families with two children, the “consumerism index” is higher than the average for the sample. And that index is also higher in families where one or both parents have higher education.

The article contains an analytical review of the latest research of the Russian State University for the Humanities sociological center, devoted to the state and development of the social group of intelligentsia and presented in a collective monograph. The author analyzes the issue of the social group separateness and independence, considering its social status, values, and everyday life of that differentiated group. The methodological frame of the project is the sociology of life (Zh.T. Toshchenko), the key concept of which is a “life world” as public, group consciousness; behavior, activity. In accordance with the chosen methodology, the book presents the features of the modern humanitarian intelligentsia life world. The logic of the essays corresponds to the logic of the life worlds concept: the intelligentsia is regarded as social and professional groups; as worldview communities; as the subject of the main activities – professional, domestic, political, sociocultural. A cross-cutting aspect of the study is the issue of the labor and lifestyle precarization of the intelligentsia, which is present in almost every chapter of the monograph.

The article analyzes a fragment from “Self-portrait of Rubens surrounded by friends from Mantua” (1606), Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne, in which the artist portrayed himself, brother Philip, J. Lipsius, and the scholar philologist, Lipsius’ like-minded Caspar Shoppe. The question of who else is presented in the group portrayed yet causes debate. The article considers the view that the portrait of Galileo is depicted in the portrait opposite Rubens, and the meaning of the community depicted in the portrait is to represent the discussion that Rubens contemporaries led around the new model of the world proposed by Galileo.

The flower and butterfly motifs, reflected in the images of beautiful women of the Art Nouveau age, have symbolic meaning, embodying an understanding of the beauty aesthetics in Italy and France in the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries. In the images of the “Beautiful Era” women, Italian artists use the technique when the arms of the models, as in the dance of Loie Fuler, are raised up like the wings of butterflies. The article analyzes theorists of French art in the Art Nouveau age, such as Marcel Proust, Maurice Maeterlinck, Paul Helleu, whose influence was significant for creating artistic images of women-flowers and women-butterflies in Italy and France at the turn of the 19^th–20^th centuries. The article discusses the history of the creation of the “serpentine” dance, which inspired the creation of the art images of women-flowers and women-butterflies in Italy and France at the turn of the 19^th–20^th centuries. That is demonstrated in works by such artists as Camillo Innocenti, Giovanni Boldini, Gaetano Previatti, Pompeo Marianni, Federico Zandomeneghi, Joseph Engelhard and Leopoldo Melticovitz, Elizabeth Sonrel and Alphonce Mucha.

The article is the first part of the research that consider and analyze two exhibitions held in recent years at the Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin, “Chanel: according to the laws of art” (2007) and “Dior: under the sign of art” (2011), dedicated to the largest fashion designers of our time. The original concepts and artistic solutions of the exhibition design of these exhibitions became events not only in the fashion world, but also in the art of the exhibition. These exhibitions presented various exhibition solutions, vivid artistic images, expressive spatial organization, conceptual and scenographic arrangement of copyright collections in the context of high fine art. The most important conceptual component of the exhibitions was to present the art of fashion designers, juxtaposing, giving rise to associations and building analogies and contexts with visual art, against which unique collections were exhibited and in the circle. With this single conceptual view of their work, and the single space of the museum in which the exhibitions were held, the artistic and architectural strategy of the exhibitions was diametrically opposite, revealing the palette and variety of artistically expressive means and modern exhibition design. Both exhibitions were created by modern foreign curators and designers and represent talented and creative exposition projects, the analysis of which can be useful for domestic environmental design as vivid examples of the exposition as a genre of plastic art, which is considered the modern museum and exhibition exposition at its highest and creative forms.